Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide

Part 24: Persuasive Speaking Goal: arrive at wanted finishes through a legit implies I. Influence ‘the art’ â€faculty of seeing in a given case the accessible methods for influence. Influence is emblematic, non-coercive (not constrained) impact 3 elements: Contextâ€social, social, political atmosphere Agentâ€persuader Receiverâ€audience **Equal opp. To convince, Complete disclosure of agendasâ€let crowd know total rundown of objectives and how you plan to get crowd there, Critical receiversâ€have to comprehend what’s being said Responsible agentâ€takes correspondence seriouslyTake duty regarding what is said and manage consequencesFosters educated choiceâ€gives all sidesAppeals to the best in peopleâ€not the worstConsider receiverAware of endeavors to influenceâ€be mindful of motivesInformed about significant topicsKnow their own biasesâ€know what inclines usâ€careful not to take part in cautious listeningAware of techniques for persuasionInfluence the convictions, demeanor, and demonstrations of others Concentrate on inspiration: What persuades audience members? Make your message actually pertinent Demonstrate the advantage of progress Set unobtrusive goalsTarget issues the crowd feels firmly about Establish credibilityII. Addresses based upon contention, 3 types of offers: Logos, Ethos, PathosLogosâ€appeal to reason or rationale, *Aristotle wanted that all engaging done through LOGOS *Our capacity to express reasonability, speaking to rationale and utilizing thinking to persuadeEthosâ€credibility, moral character. To set up speaker believability: * Present themes truly, build up recognizable proof, shared trait, and generosity, utilize individual knowledgePathosâ€emotional conditions of audience.Pride, love, outrage and so forth rive our actionsâ€Done through distinctive symbolism **Aristotle stated: Two primary wellsprings of prompt emotion= LOVE AND FEAR Syllogism†Major reason evident articulation Minor premiseextension of significant premises rationale Conclusi onderived from over two MAIN ONE: All people are mortal Socrates is human Socrates is mortal RHETORICAL SYLLOGISM=Enthymeme * Created by Aristotle * He guarantees this imparts without saying EVERYTHINGâ€audience can fill in spaces * Idea is that we can fill in the clear ourselvesâ€that process is powerfulâ€us convincing ourselves 3 foundations of moral fitness:Credibility-certainty, character, ETHOS (as speaker)â€worthy of trust *Makes individuals need to hear us out, keep an eye on it with care Integrityâ€a condition of incorruptibilityâ€should signal that we are eager to abstain from bargaining reality for individual convenience Stabilityâ€respect for other people, collaboration, selflessness Being crowd centeredâ€to whom and for whom, commendable, regarded, and regarded as individualsIII. Target audience needsMaslow’s order of needsâ€each of us has an essential arrangement of necessities that go from vital to self-improving. Ex. To persuade one t o utilize safety belts, offer to ones requirement for wellbeing. essential needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Self-regard, and Self-actualizationIV. Mental EngagementCentral handling: truly think about your message, bound to act Peripheral preparing: Lack inspiration to pass judgment on contention dependent on meritsâ€most likely won’t experience significant change **For Central preparing Link contention to viable concerns, present message at suitable degree of comprehension, exhibit regular bond, stress credibilityV. Sound argumentsâ€offer end, proof, connection to reasoningClaim: states decision w/proof. A line of thinking is known as a warrant. Actuality: Focus on truth/lie, what will/won’t happenâ€address issue with 2+ sides Value: Address judgment issues, right VS wrong Policy: suggest explicit course of actionâ€propose explicit result Deductive thinking: start with general rule, use particulars, lead to end Inductive: from explicit to speculations supportedâ€evidence highlighting conclusionVI. Consistent misrepresentation: bogus proclamation prompting invalid reasoningBegging the questionâ€argument expressed so it can't resist the opportunity to be valid, even without evidenceBandwagoningâ€uses unconfirmed supposition as bogus evidenceEither-orâ€gives just two choices Ad hominem argumentâ€targets an individual and not the argumentRed herringâ€relies on unessential reason for conclusionHasty generalizationâ€argument where, in a secluded frequency, it demonstrates valid and is utilized to make a baseless general conclusionNon sequiturâ€â€Å"does not follow† end doesn’t = reasoningSlippery slopeâ€fault presumption that one case will prompt occasions or actionsAppeal to traditionâ€Suggest crowd ought to concur b/c its â€Å"the way its continually been†Addressing fundamental beliefs: Cultural standards, social premises, feelings **BE SENSITIVEVII. Monroe’sMotivated succes sion: 5 stage process, excite audience consideration + end with call of actionâ€effective when you need crowd to do somethingStep 1 consideration, addresses center concerns, pertinence, believability, etc.Step 2 Need, portrays issue within reach, shows significance of needStep 3 Satisfaction, recognize solutionâ€proposalStep 4 Visualization, vision of foreseen outcomeStep 5 Action, request that crowd demonstration in agreement to acknowledgment of message 4 mainstays of character:Trustworthinessâ€being legitimate, uncovering the genuine reason. Legit and dependableRespectâ€recognize crowd individuals are uniqueâ€NO PERSONAL ATTACKS, permit crowd intensity of objective choiceResponsibilityâ€accountability for what we state and doâ€offering proper appealsFairnessâ€acknowledge all sides of issueâ€giving the crowd enough data to make a decision**In additionâ€Caring and Citizenship Caringâ€being kind and sympathetic Citizenshipâ€doing our part as resid ents Chapter 16: Using LanguageI. Style * Simplicityâ€translate language into basic terms * Be conciseâ€use less words, use reiteration * Personal pronounsâ€Draw crowd in, support inclusion Concrete language VS Abstract Concrete: passes on explicit and unmistakable implications * Abstract: general, leaves significance to translation Imageryâ€concrete language that paints pictures * Figures of discourse: similitudes, comparisons, and analogies where words are utilized in nonliteral design to accomplish expository impact Code exchanging: specific utilization of tongue that can give your discourse benevolence, humor, grittiness, wistfulness, and so forth. Maintain a strategic distance from: * Malapropismsâ€incorrect employments of word where it seems like it fits * Biased language * Unnecessary JargonII. Voiceâ€active, demonstrates subject connection to activity Use socially touchy and sexually impartial language, shows regard for convictions, standards, and conventio ns Repetition to make rhythmâ€repeating catchphrases or expressions to make particular beat and implement thought into brains of audience members * Anaphora: Repeated expression at start of progressive expressions/provisions/sent. Ex. I Have A Dream-MLK Alliteration for idyllic qualityâ€Repetition of same sounds in 2+ neighboring words * Ex. â€Å"Down with dope, up with hope†-Jesse Jackson Parallelismâ€arrangement of words/phrases in comparable structure Helps to underscore significant thoughts of the discourse, makes rhythm* Ex. Orally numbering focuses Device of direct opposite (One little advance for man, one mammoth jump for humankind) * Repeating a catchphrase in introduction, body, and end Chapter 25: Speaking on exceptional events Speech that is set up for a reason directed by the event, can be useful or enticing **Commemorative speechâ€pays tribute with essential reason to move crowd Employ imageryâ€stylistic gadgets, differed musicality * Antithesis, similar sounding word usage, sound similarity * Hyperboleâ€deliberately exaggerating in a whimsical manner * Analogy Use new languageâ€avoid abused expressions, select words that catch the idea * Avoid repetitiveness, change beat, use humorWhen utilizing humor: * Familiarize self with gadgets of humorâ€exaggeration, iron, hostile to explanation, joke telling * Analyze our own abilities while conveying hilarious speechesâ€focus on what others believe is clever about you, not what YOU believe is interesting * Avoid humor pitfallsâ€steer away from anything hostile * Use funny regular experiencesâ€relatable Consider audienceâ€To whom/for whom we talk * Address crowd in manners that will impact them * Use state of mind to make a suitable message ** Meaning is made in the nexus among speaker and audienceI.Special Occasion Speech capacity To engage, celebrate, recognize, rouse or set social plan * Entertainâ€listeners expect cheerful, diverting discourse. Speaker of fers level of knowledge on point * Celebrateâ€Speaker acclaims subject of celebrationâ€a level of service as per standards of the event * Commemorateâ€offer tribute and recollections * Inspireâ€ex. Debut address, key note discourse, commencementâ€motivate by instances of accomplishment * Set social agendaâ€articulation of objective/group’s values, ex. Pledge drives, feasts, cause situated gatheringsII.Speech of Introduction: Warms up the crowd for principle speaker, elevate intrigue, and assemble believability FOUR ELEMENTS foundation, subject of message, event, crowd * Speaker backgroundâ€achievements and realities demonstrating why speaker is applicable * Subject, Preview topicâ€sense of why subject is of intrigue, doesn't assess discourse or remark on it * Ask for crowd welcome * Be briefâ€2 minute max.III. Discourse of Acceptanceâ€response to an honor. Reason: offer thanks for respect * Prepared ahead of time * Express what the honor intends to you, pass on its worth * Show appreciation, thank individuals by nameI