The Causes and Effects of the Arab Springs - 823 Words

Have you ever been to the Middle East? Well, if you havent, you sure are missing out on a lot. There is one thing for sure, you are missing out on those Arab Springs. Yes, I said it, Arab Springs, which are getting into a big issue. Arab Springs is a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East in early 2011. The people in the Middle East are uprising their rulers’ choices of their decisions and hoping to have a democracy. There were many countries, which overthrew their government, like Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, and Libya. There are still many countries, which is still ongoing to overthrow their government like Syria and Bahrain. During the process with the conflict in the Middle East, there is a lot of questions to answer, the causes, succesful uprising and ongoing uprisings, and how it affects the United States. The main cause of the Arab Spring is mainly on the dissatisfaction of how the government ruled the country. Du ring the uprising, there had been many human rights violations, unemployment, and political corruption. The tension between the Middle Eastern countries is that there is a lack of government reform, which should be changed. The Arab springs are happening frequently now in the Middle Eastern Countries, since the people are demanding for democracy. The first country to start the Arab Spring is Tunisia, which started on December 2011. It all started when a man named Mohammed was sellingShow MoreRelatedThe Main Causes And Effects On The Arab Spring1086 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the key causes and effects 2011 Arabic spring In late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the Arab world emerged. It began with the Tunisian revolution when the martyr Mahmoud Bouazizi set fire to himself as a result of the deteriorating economic and social. This led to protests and demonstrations that ended with the fall of the ruling regime. In Tunisia which sparked the beginning of revolutions in many Arab countries, this is known as an Arab Spring. The questionRead MoreUse Of Discourse And Social Media Within The Arab Spring1524 Words   |  7 PagesKong and Occupy Nigeria are just a few that were inspired by the Arab Spring. Looking at the Arab Spring in terms of ideas of power is a useful framework because it enables us to gain information which could be useful for future occupy movements as well as giving us a different interpretation to that of the social norm. We will then be able to connect that newly analysed idea of power with obedience and disobedience within the Arab Spring. Power is often seen as being held by those in authority positionsRead MoreThe Eyes Of The Modern World Have Long Borne Witness To1510 Words   |  7 Pagesoppression. Widespread demonstrations and protests began in the middle of December as Middle Easterners began to take action against their governments. This movement spread all throughout the Middle East and would eventually become known as the Arab Spring. In the Middle East, speaking against your government is an act of treason, this compounded by government censorship has left Middle Easterners socially isolated; as such, one might assume that this would create difficulty in any attempt to organizeRead MoreThe Arab Spring And The Middle East1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Arab Spring refers to the revolts that arose independently and spread through the Arab country in 2011. The origin of these uprisings was in Tunisia late in the year 2010 and spread to other nations in the Arab world like Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The Mid dle East commonly considered to be the hot-spot for tensions and instabilities. The Arab spring increased the level of tension in the states with several implications on the region’s security. The events of the Arab Spring lasted for threeRead MoreThe Arab Spring1286 Words   |  5 PagesThe Arab Spring is a new term tossed in December 2010, and it covers all kinds of riots, demonstrations and civil wars recently going on in the Arab world. The Arab Spring has established; the power social media can have when applied in social and political scenario. In just a short period of three years, there were changed regimes in four Arab countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen). There were protests and demonstrations in other Arab countries like Bahrain, Syria, Algeria, Iraq, Jordon, KuwaitRead MoreThe Arab Spring Revolution is a Failure1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arab Spring Revolution is a Failure â€Å"Arab spring mishap leads to sharp increase of oil smuggling†, â€Å"Syrian revolution starts experiencing causalities†, â€Å"Overthrown Egyptian government a downright failure†, â€Å"Tunisia on the verge of economic collapse post being struck by the Arab spring revolution†, â€Å"Bombing in Libya kills 20 in the proximity of a ration distribution unit†. These were the kind of news headlines the modern world was bombarded with when the riots in the Middle East were instigatedRead MoreUnderstanding the Arab Spring1050 Words   |  5 Pageswidespread event was known as â€Å"the Arab Spring† and empowered other people in Arab countries who were not satisfied with their sociopolitical standings to revolt against government regimes. This surprising event unfolded in the world arena, which drew attention on an international level. Consequently, it became widely debated by political science scholars, and was the main point of discussion in the Kenneth Pollack’s work. The Arab Spring was attributed to cause internal crises in many Middle EastRead MoreToo Soon to Tell: An Examination of the ‘Arab Spring’ and its Impact on Israel1437 Words   |  6 Pagesof Tunisia to the entire Arab world. Israel, as the only democracy in the area, has very delicate relationships with many of the countries involved. With the Muslim Brotherhood coming into power in Egypt, the possibility of the decades long treaty with Israel coming to a violent end is more threatening than ever. This leads us to consider the danger of other ideologically like-minded groups continuing to surround Israel. On the surface, it may seem as if the Arab Spring is very bad news for IsraelRead MoreThe United States And The Eu943 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States and the EU had some similar goals in terms of their dealings with Arab countries and specifically those involved with the Arab Spring, one particular goal being the spread of democracy. With the United States not being direct neighbours with these Arab states, they also have some goals that differ to those of the European Union. Their involvement with the Middle East over the past century is rooted in two main sources, according to Kitchen (2012). One, is â€Å"a hegemonic interest inRead MoreThe Arab Spring in Egypt1200 Words   |  5 Pages　　The Arab Spring is an extremely prominent issue today. This refers to the series of protests and civil wars that have been occurring in the Arab World due to discontent with government, human rights violations, poverty, and other factors. Countries where this is an issue i nclude Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Sudan. One of the countries hit hardest by the revolution was Egypt. 　　What is often called â€Å"the spark that started it all,† occurred

Tragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare - 996 Words

Conventions of Othello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one who always has a tragic flaw. Most of them are rich and intelligent men. In the story of Othello, Othello is the tragic hero. He was a character of nobility. He was a high in class and had high standards. He was also the focal point of society.†¦show more content†¦Suspense in the story is something that makes us worry, or become questionable. There are two different types of suspense; Intellectual and emotional. At the end of Othello, the suspense level is high. The audience wants to know what is going to happen next and who it is going to happen to. Most people want to know if Iago’s plan will follow through. After all the tricks and schemes, someone, at least Othello, should recognize that Iago is being a manipulator and a liar. With that being said, while Iago was being manipulative he convinced Othello that Desdemona cheated on him and as a result he wanted her dead. In Romeo and Juliet you don’t know what to expect next. The audience wonders will Juliet marry someone else since she cannot be married to Romeo. The audience also wonders will Romeo really kill himself because he thinks that Juliet is dead. Many people today don’t realize how many literary conventions Shakespeare has included in his plays. He has included fallacy, tragic hero, irony and also suspense. Becoming familiar with these conventions will help one understand the play more. Mostly all of Shakespeare’s plays included the same literary devices. His plays left you begging to know more and how everything will turn out. Work cited: Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. Gerald F. Else. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1967. Dorsch, T. R., trans. and ed. Aristotle Horace

The Final Steps Into The Ordinary Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper marcus Snell English 101 1:00-1:50 11/6/00 The Final Steps Into The Ordinary ? It? s difficult sometimes to set your finger on the tipping point of tolerance. It? s non normally the Thurgood Marshalls and the Sally Rides, the large headlines and the major narratives. It? s in the little incremental ways the universe stops seeing differences as endangering? And it? s eventually go oning for cheery work forces and tribades. They? re going ordinary. ? In the September issue of Newsweek magazine Ann Quindlen wrote an article entitled The Right To Be Ordinary. In this article Quindlen addresses the issue of homosexuals and tribades going a portion of every twenty-four hours life. The article states that even though there is still a batch of favoritism in our state ; being homosexual or tribade over the old ages has become more widely accepted. The writer efficaciously argues this point by her usage of anecdotes, her tone, and by? . Quindlen successfully uses anecdotes to demo readers how cheery work forces and tribades are going more platitude. She builds her credibleness by usage existent anecdotes that have truly occurred and have been reported in many newspapers. On incident that she reported was the Supreme Court? s determination that the Boy Scouts had a right to maintain out cheery scoutmasters. This seems like a reverse but it was really a approval in camouflage. Even though the homosexual scoutmaster lost his test, it was the Scouting functionaries that truly took the whipping. Work force who had been Eagle Scouts for old ages began to direct back their badges. The United Way would no longer back up them and took away their support. Cities and provinces shortly prohibited the Boy Scouts from utilizing public installations. All this the Boy Scouts lost because of one small act of intolerance for a fellow human being. An extra illustration would be that during the summer in Vermont, about 500 homosexual and sapphic twosomes were united in civil brotherhoods. Even if these brotherhoods were merely a? second-class? type of matrimony, it still meant something to the persons. Unlike how many spiritual leaders have felt, nil atrocious occurred because of these matrimonies? The sky did non fall. The Earth did non split in two. Happy households and happy friends watched happy people pledge their love. ? Anna Quindlen? s tone made the column both successful and unsuccessful in relaying the point of her thesis. In composing her column, Quindlen used a slightly humourous and aggravated tone. Her humourous tone was shown strongest when she was speaking about Dr. Laura Schlessinger a neodymium about the Biblical text. To cite Quindlen about a missive written to Schlessinger, ? It thanks the conservative wireless talk-show host, who has a loyal followers of people who seemingly were non yelled at plenty as kids and are seeking to happen person to do up for it, for educating people sing God? s jurisprudence on homosexuality. ? Quindlen besides addressed a few inquiries that the Bible had raised in her head. The Bible provinces that slaves may be bought from neighbouring states. She was confused because a friend had told her that this stood for Mexicans but non Canadians. Another transition tells her that she is morally obligated to set her neighbour to decease because he works on the Sabbath twenty-four hours. Last of all, she negotiations of how her friend told her that eating shellfish is an abomination ( once more harmonizing to the Bible ) but a lesser abomination that homosexualism. Quindlen disagrees with this statement, along with the 1s before it, and would wish some elucidation. This humourous tone kept the column entertaining and gave a different position on how to see what the Bible has to state precisely. A intimation of exasperation could besides be heard coming through to the reader. Sign of exasperation were uneffective in conveying her thesis. Anna Quindlen? s exasperation illustrated that even with all the advancement the human race has made, with accepting differences ; we still have a long manner to travel. Some of the strongest feelings of annoyance are present near the terminal of the column. ? There are still excessively many homosexuals bias slayings, excessively, and excessively many committed by immature work forces who feel threatened by the very impression of homosexualism. That? s one of the saddest things about the determination by the Boy Scouts, that they send a clear message to those who most need to larn tolerance that homophobia is acceptable, natural, even praiseworthy. ? Small sums of exasperation is expected when covering with a topic every bit of import as this. The statement Quindlen made had to be made so she could demo that even though we have progressed ; we still need to cover with others and ourselves separately. A Third POINT GOES HERE! ! ! ! ! ! ? It is about touchable, the ways in which ordinary people who happen to be gay have become unremarkable. ? Quindlen said this at the terminal of her editorial speech production of the cat who won? Survivor? and how he was a cheery adult male. He was merely an ordinary adult male who made his manner to the top by wining. It merely so happened that he was homosexual, large trade. He was merely another individual wining a million dollars because of his mental and ( in his instance ) physical strength.

Rainbows end free essay sample

Belonging brings to our attention the potential that all individuals are affected by not only their choices but the attitudes of others. The Notion of time allows for an individual’s perception to change and in-turn, form different attitudes towards people as we see through the characters in Rainbows End by Jane Harrison and Othello by William Shakespeare. An individual’s choices and the attitude of others plays an important role in shaping the way that characters perceive their sense of belonging, in both negative and positive ways in â€Å"Rainbows End† through the Koori women, Nan Dear and Gladys and in â€Å"Othello† through Iago and Othello. Through the notion of time, the characters in Rainbows End and Othello undergo a transformation in their choices and attitudes to others which leads to conflict and also acceptance in society. Challenges to the basis of belonging occur with the choices and attitudes of others. The choices of an individual and the attitude of others cause an individuals sense of belonging to change and evolve. In the cases of the characters Nan Dear and Gladys in the play Rainbows End, initially their belonging was to the Flats of Mooroopna. Both women realised the importance of being accepted within society, where they differed, is in their desire to be accepted within white society in the same way that they are in Aboriginal society. The beginning of the play emphasises Gladys’ desire to assimilate. This desire is expressed through Jane Harrison’s dream sequences. In Act 1, Scene 1 the dream sequence â€Å"†¦Gladys presenting a bouquet of flowers to the QUEEN. Instead of being formal, the QUEEN pulls her into a hug† expresses her desire for assimilation and belonging into white society. Jane Harrison’s use of juxtaposition between reality and fantasy symbolises the Indigenous people as a working class society and nothing more, because in Gladys’ dream sequence, she is hugging the queen while in reality she is holding weeds. This dream sequence symbolises Gladys’ position as an aboriginal in white society, as Aboriginals had no place in mainstream society. â€Å"The Queen† represents dominant power symbolising that white society are the dominant people. This enhances Gladys’ passion to assimilate as she wants to be part of the dominant race. While Gladys’ search for acceptance lies mainly in a desire for Aboriginal culture to no longer be marginalised, Nan Dear, due to her objection of white society expresses her desire to be as far from white society as possible. In The Queens Visit in Act1, Scene 1 Nan dear reveals â€Å"they forced us to leave Cummeragunja†. The word â€Å"They† is a strong symbol referring to white society, while â€Å"us† is referring to the indigenous community or the Stolen Generations. This underpins her anger towards white society and is further expressed through her desire â€Å"to go back and die there†. This reiterates the idea of Nan Dear wanting to die with her people instead of in the presence of white society. Gladys and Nan dear’s attitude towards white society juxtapose as Gladys feels as though assimilation is the key to her sense of belonging in society while Nan Dear wants to belong in her Indigenous society. The choices and attitudes of the characters change through the interstices and the end of Rainbows End. A sense of maturity begins to evolve amongst the characters during this point in the play expressing the effects of time on an individual’s attitude. Through the interstices of Rainbows End, Nan Dear puts her self-pride and arrogance aside to see what’s important for Dolly and proves she will do anything for family. In Act 2,Scene1 Nan dears says â€Å"†¦If you still want to move to Rumbullara it’d be better for the girl† which conveys Nan Dear’s desire to help her family anywhere possible even if it means moving to housing controlled by white society and â€Å"Rent Collectors†. This statement also reiterates the notion that with time the choices of an individual can change. Rumbullara or the â€Å"concrete humpies† are a symbol of white societies control over the indigenous community. The Rumbullara housing juxtaposes the Flats, as the flats provided the women with a sense of community, while at Rumbullara they are forced to pay rent and live in a â€Å"white† way. A dramatic change in persona occurs in Gladys from dreaming about being into white culture, she now wants to improve the lives of her people and this is seen at the end on the play. In Act 2, Scene 7 â€Å"she marches up to the podium †, through the use of stage direction, Gladys’ attitude change is highlighted. She is now willing to speak on behalf of her people and fight for what is right. The reading of â€Å"the petition† also shows how her choices can change the attitudes of others around her. Again, through the use of stage direction, the attitude of others, especially the Koori Family, are expressed as â€Å"emotional† and â€Å"Joyful†. Nan dear and Gladys’ choices from the beginning and to the end of the play, juxtapose as they have gone through a transformation, which also affects the attitude of others as seen through the final scene â€Å"the petition† The idea of belonging in a society is also explored in William Shakespeare’s, â€Å"Othello†. The play is about a Venetian army general, Othello, who has just arrived home from duty. Othello is dark skinned which affects his ability to belong in a predominantly white society. The attitudes of others when Othello is in the Venetian society changes completely, Othello being constantly referred to as the â€Å"moor†, referring to him as black, by Iago and also Brabantio, shows this change in attitude. The characters associate Othello’s appearance to his identity. Through Othello’s choices, Iago, Othello’s second in charge, is able to use his own knowledge and change the attitudes of others towards Othello to manipulate him into a mad man. A Juxtaposition exists for Othello between the army and Venetian society. In the army, Othello has full control and a structure that he adheres to. Here he is looked up to and admired by his soldiers. While in society his attitudes change because of his insecurities, causing him to be easily manipulated by Iago. In Act 1, Scene 3 Iago’s hatred towards Othello is expressed through the line â€Å"I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets†¦for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety† expresses the start of Iago’s hatred towards â€Å"the moor†, Othello, as he assumes that Othello slept with his wife. And thus, expresses how Iago will soon make Othello’s life a living hell. Iago pushes Othello to breaking point. Throughout the play Iago uses Othello’s wife, Desdemona, as a motif to play with his mind. In Act 4, Scene 1 Iago says to Othello â€Å"Do it not with poison, strangle her in her bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  giving Othello ideas on how to kill his wife. This will enhance the change in attitudes of Venetian society as a Killer is regarded as outsider. Furthermore Othello position in society has shifted from being a respected army general, to a murderer. The choices and attitudes of others are an important factor in the progression of the characters in their sense of belonging in Rainbows End and also Othello. Through the choices and attitudes of other characters in Rainbows End and Othello, undergo a transformation overtime in their identity and attitudes which leads to conflict but also acceptance in society. Whether characters in both â€Å"Rainbows end† and â€Å"Othello† are successful in finding a sense of belonging or not, the choices and attitudes of others will ultimately affect their perception of belonging. Points to remember for Essay: Quotes: Techniques Rainbows End â€Å"†¦Gladys presenting a bouquet of flowers to the QUEEN. Instead of being formal, the QUEEN pulls her into a hug† (DREAM SEQUENCE; ACT 1, SCENE 1) Juxtaposition between reality/fantasy Holding weeds instead of queen Symbolise position in white society; no place in mainstream society â€Å"they forced us to leave Cummeragunja† â€Å"to go back and die there† (SYMBOL; ACT 1, SCENE1) They = whites, Us = indigenous Reiterates idea of nan dear wanting to die with her people not whites Underpins anger towards white â€Å"†¦If you still want to move to Rumbullara it’d be better for the girl† (SYMBOL; ACT 2, SCENE 1) Puts self-pride/arrogance aside to do best for family Help family even if it means moving to white controlled housing â€Å"concrete humpies† symbol; white control Rumbullara juxtapose flats; flats = community, Rumbullara = control â€Å"she marches up to the podium † (STAGE DIRECTION, ACT 2 SCENE 7) Confidence Willing to fight for her people Reading of â€Å"petition†; inspires others, changes attitudes, especially koori women Othello â€Å"I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets†¦for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety† (Act 1, Scene 3) Hatred towards othello Make his life a â€Å"living hell† Assumes othello slept with his wife â€Å"Do it not with poison, strangle her in her bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 4, Scene 1) Teaching othello to kill desdmona Iago constantly uses Desdemona as a motif to get to Othello Killers in society = outsiders Othello, shifted attitudes of others; respected general to murderer Belonging brings to our attention the potential that all individuals are affected by not only their choices but the attitudes of others. The Notion of time allows for an individual’s perception to change and in-turn, form different attitudes towards people as we see through the characters in Rainbows End by Jane Harrison and Othello by William Shakespeare. An individual’s choices and the attitude of others plays an important role in shaping the way that characters perceive their sense of belonging, in both negative and positive ways in â€Å"Rainbows End† through the Koori women, Nan Dear and Gladys and in â€Å"Othello† through Iago and Othello. Through the notion of time, the characters in Rainbows End and Othello undergo a transformation in their choices and attitudes to others which leads to conflict and also acceptance in society.

Emotional Intelligence in the Organizational Behavior Context

Introduction Organizations exist in a competitive environment and they have to keep increasing their performance in order to survive. The role played by individual members of the organization to ensure this future survival is great. In addition to the technical skills required by the employees to fulfil their roles in the business, they should also possess interpersonal skills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Intelligence in the Organizational Behavior Context specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Carblis (2008) acknowledges that changing patterns of economic competition have led to greater emphasis in â€Å"soft† skills which include: personal attributes of teamwork, work ethics, flexibility, and ease of adaptation to change. These desirable interpersonal skills can be conceptualized within the context of emotional intelligence competencies. This paper will set out to critically review Emotional Inte lligent (EI) and evaluate the arguments made for and against this concept. What is Emotional Intelligence? The concept of emotional intelligence was first introduced by Peter Salovey and John Mayer in 1990 where they highlighted it as a form of social intelligence that is different from general intelligence. According to them, Emotional Intelligence is defined as the ability of an individual to â€Å"perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion; access and generate feelings when they facilitate thought; understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth† (Yaghoubi and Hadi 2011, 120). Emotional intelligence has been shown to play a role in the way in which people develop in their personal and professional lives. It has an impact on the social skills of the person and it determines the manner in which the individual handles frustration, coexists with other people and also controls his/her emotions . Researchers agree that emotional intelligence is the element that differentiates an intelligent manager from a brilliant one. EI will dictate how the person responds to emotionally challenging situations, how he/she deals with other people and their understanding of other people’s emotions. The significance given to EI is demonstrated by Yaghoubi and Hadi (2011, 120) who reveal that while traditional IQ contributes only 20% to a person’s success, emotional quotient contributes 80%. Relevance of Emotional Intelligence To Individuals The leadership ability of an individual is greatly impacted by the EI. High EI will enable the leader to rightfully gauge the mood of the staff or team and act appropriately. Low EI might cause the leader to be insensitive to the mood of the followers and this will lead to frustration and lower the output of the team (Wilson 2004, 237). This is because followers are likely to give their best efforts to the organization if they feel that th eir leader is genuinely concerned about them and is sensitive to their needs. All employees incur varying amounts of stress as they engage in their work. This stress has an effect on job performance with research indicating that job stress is negatively related to job performance (Yu-Chi 2011, 28). However, individual difference variables also determine how stress will affect the job performance of the person.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research by Yu-chi (2011, 29) demonstrated that emotional intelligence has a positive impact on job performance by moderating the impact of stress in the individual. Employees who demonstrated high emotional intelligence are more likely to reduce potential negative effects of job stress on job performance to an acceptable degree. Such individuals would therefore be able to deal with stressful matters associated with their jobs without le tting them negatively affect their overall work productivity. In some cases, highly emotionally intelligent individuals might view stressors as a challenge and this will lead to internal arousal, which will result in better performance outcomes. However, for employees with little emotional intelligence, the stressor will be viewed as an unpleasant experience and this will result in negative work outcomes. The emotions that an employee undergoes in the course of their work life impact not only their physical and psychological health but also their attitude towards duties and the organization in general (Moon and Hur 2011, 1087). Workers are prone to burnout which is caused by emotional exhaustion, diminished personal accomplishment, and depersonalization (Moon and Hur 2011, 1088). Burnout results in issues such as decreased concentration and cognitive difficulties in the employee. All these decrease the individual’s performance reducing the overall organizational productivity. It helps employees to effectively manage the factors such as stress and dissatisfaction and, therefore, reduce their risk of burnout. As such, individuals with high levels of EI are less likely to suffer from burnout; their work performance as measured by organizational commitment and job satisfaction can be expected to remain at high levels. To Organizations Organizations are forced to change in order to adapt themselves to the market environment. The modern organization must be able to quickly adapt change so as to enhance its competitive position and ensure its survival in the competitive business environment. However, change comes about with some emotional implications for the employees. The range of emotions experienced during organizational change and how they are reacted to might have major consequences to the organization. Successful management of these emotions is therefore a key objective of managers during organizational change. EI can positively influence the change man agement process since it increases self-awareness and the ability of the individual to manage negative emotions. Research by Jordan (2004, 464) demonstrates that EI might contribute to successful organizational change. Moon and Hur (2011, 1088) note that an employee must at all times express the organizationally demanded emotions to customers and senior managers. While the employee might be able to do this naturally, there are times when they will have to make an effort and exert control to display the appropriate feelings even if this is not what they feel inside. EI has a bearing on how the employee displays the emotions that the customers expect and, therefore, positively contributes to the organization’s productivity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Intelligence in the Organizational Behavior Context specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the workplace that goes beyond role requirement as stipulated in the work contract, is becoming increasingly crucial in the businesses today. Yaghoubi and Hadi (2011, 119) asset that due to the positive impact that OCB has on the overall organizational effectiveness, employers are today seeking workers who have this extra-role behaviour that predisposes them to impulsively take actions beyond the stated job requirement. Research by Yaghoubi and Hadi (2011, 121) revealed that EI had a positive correlation with the conscientiousness of employees. Employees with high EI are more likely to demonstrate Organizational citizenship behaviour, which will translate to higher productivity for the organization. Organizational learning is today a very important issue and it is considered crucial in achieving competitive advantage. It is one of the instruments that allows the organization to quickly adapt to the changing internal and external environment. Rafiq, Zainab, and Ali (2011, 321) assert that emotion ally intelligent employees ease organizational learning, therefore, increasing the chances of the organizations to maintain the desired competitive advantage. EI plays this significant role by helping managers and employees to manage the change by identifying their emotions and properly managing their relationship with others. Emotional skills are needed to successfully achieve learning. High EI will therefore promote organizational learning by helping employees to manage destructive emotions and promoting their convergent and divergent thinking (Rafiq, Zainab, and Ali 2011, 321) Arguments Against Emotional Intelligence Since the topic of emotional intelligence was proposed in 1990 by Salovey and Mayer, it has become a popular subject for research with various measures and inventories of EI being used by organizations. Sungwon, Choi, and Kerry (2011, 270) observe that these overwhelming attention has been given to EI since it is believed that it predicts important life and work outc omes. Overreliance on EI tests can be detrimental to the wellbeing of an organization. There is a significant risk of self-distortion in the self-report EI measures. Sungwon, Donald, and Kerry (2011, 270) point out that self-report measures are susceptible to self-enhancement bias or socially desirable responding which greatly undermines their predictive validity. When an individual’s employment prospects or their chances of getting a promotion are dependent on their EI score, then these respondents have motives to distort self-reports. The individual will offer the most socially desirable answers in the self-report which will render the attained EI score useless. If the organization goes ahead and uses this information for its organizational decision making process, the decisions reached will be faulty since they are based on wrong information. The self-enhancement motive of a person will affect the validity of self-report EI since the individual will demonstrate a tendency to distort self-report in a favourable direction (Sungwon, Donald, and Kerry 2011, 271).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of the popular notions concerning EI, it can be expected that activities such as hiring, promoting, or retaining staff are influenced by it. Antonakis (2004, 172) surmises that more organizations are basing decisions on these activities on EI models whose credibility is in question since the models lack adequate scientific backing. In spite of the popular interest in EI, the scientific status of emotional intelligence in organizational research is still not well grounded. Antonakis (2004, 171) notes that too many academicians and practitioners have been fascinated by the supposed benefits of EI despite the fact that most of the claims made in support of EI have not been substantiated. Zeidner, Matthews, and Roberts (2004, 393) warn that most of the roles attributed to EI are misleading and following them rigorously might negatively affect an organization. Critics argue that EI is not a necessity for leadership or organizational performance and the claims made contrary to this are often exaggerated. For example, the claims made that EI tests can help differentiate exemplary leaders from average performers are unsubstantiated. Antonakis (2004, 172) notes that such claims do not have any scientific backing and they only serve to misled organizational leaders who are not trained to critically evaluate research findings. The EI models commonly used such as the Mayer, Salovery, Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the EQ360 self-report measure exhibit major weaknesses. Antonakis (2004, 176) observes that the ability based EI measure as obtained from the EI scale was weakly predictive of work performance which greatly diminished the appropriateness of the scale. In addition to this, the results obtained from a number of performance measures such as the MSCEIT were similar to those obtained from well-known constructs such as the â€Å"big five†. This shows that EI is not unique and its application in measuring human performance is therefo re overstated. Discussion EI has emerged as an important concept in organizational behaviour. Due to this realization, organizations have made use of a number of EI models to assist in organizational decision-making. Even so, the significance of EI can only be assured if the validity and reliability of the models used is unquestionable. As such, for EI to continue to play a positive role in organizational success, it is important for researchers to support their claims with scientific data and refrain from making exaggerated claims about the role of EI. Recent years have witnessed a surge in research on EI in order to provide the scientific backing needed to ascertain the validity and reliability of EI. Murphy (2006, p.189) declares that objective and critical evaluation of the claims made regarding EI is paramount to ensure that the validity of this construct is affirmed. All models have some inherent margin of error and this should is therefore not a valid reason to discount the i mportance of EI. Ashkanasy and Catherine (2005, 442) reaffirm that EI is today grounded in science and specifically in â€Å"the role emotion plays in organizational behaviour†. Its role in organizational behaviour research is therefore important and the importance can be expected to increase even as future research in the field is undertaken. Conclusion This paper set out to analyze arguments made for and against the concept of Emotional Intelligence in order to underscore the important of this concept in Organizational Behaviour. It began by defining EI and proceeded to discuss its relevance to individuals and organizations. The paper has noted that EI has positive impacts on the individuals as well as the organization since it assist in mitigating the negative impacts of emotions such as stress, anger, and frustration. The paper has also delved into some arguments made against EI. It noted that most of these arguments are with regard to the lack of reliability and validity of EI. Increased research in EI has led to more reliability as the concept becomes more scientifically grounded. It can therefore be projected that EI will be playing an even more important role in organizational behaviour in the future. Bibliography Antonakis, John. â€Å"On why ’emotional intelligence’ will not predict leadership effectiveness beyond IQ or the ‘big five’: an extension and rejoinder.† Organizational Analysis 12, no.2 (2004): 171-182. Ashkanasy, Neal, and Catherine Daus. â€Å"Rumors of the Death of Emotional Intelligence in Organizational Behavior are Vastly Exaggerated.† Journal of Organizational Behavior 26, no.4 (2005): 441–452. Carblis, Peter. Assessing Emotional Intelligence: A Competency Framework for the Development of Standards for Soft Skills. St Louis: Cambria Press, 2008. Jordan, Peter. â€Å"Dealing with organisational change: can emotional intelligence enhance organisational learning?† Internation al Journal of Organisational Behaviour 8, no.1 (2004): 456-471. Moon, Tae, and Hur Won-Moo. â€Å"Emotional intelligence, emotional exhaustion and job performance.† Social Behavior and Personality 39, no.8 (2011): 1087-1096. Murphy, Kevin. A Critique of Emotional Intelligence: What Are the Problems and How Can They Be Fixed? New York. Routledge, 2006. Rafiq, Maryam, Zainab Naseer, and Ali Bakhtiar. â€Å"Impact of emotional intelligence on organizational learning capability.† International Journal of Academic Research 3, no.4 (2011): 321-325. Sungwon, Choi, Donald Kluemper, and Kerry Sauley.†What If We Fake Emotional Intelligence? A Test of Criterion Validity Attenuation.† Journal of Personality Assessment 93, no.3 (2011): 270–277. Wilson, Fiona. Organizational Behavior and Work: A Critical Introduction. 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Yaghoubi, Esmaeil, and Hadi Abdollahi. â€Å"An Analysis of Correlation between Organizational Cit izenship Behavior (OCB) and Emotional Intelligence (El)† Modern Applied Science 5, no.2 (2011): 119-123. Yu-Chi, Wu. â€Å"Job stress and job performance among employees in the Taiwanese finance sector: the role of emotional intelligence.† Social Behavior and Personality 39, no.1 (2011): 21-32. Zeidner, Moshe, Matthews Gerald, and Roberts Richard. â€Å"Emotional intelligence in the workplace: A critical review.† Applied Psychology: An International Review 53, no.1 (2004): 371-399. This essay on Emotional Intelligence in the Organizational Behavior Context was written and submitted by user Isiah D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

World War 2 Essay

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